Substance-related and addictive disorders
Gambling Disorder
Gambling disorder is a persistent or recurrent pattern of gambling that becomes difficult to control and causes significant distress or harm to finances, relationships, work and safety.
More than the amount lost
The disorder is defined by the relationship with gambling, loss of control and consequences—not by one large loss or a particular sum. It can involve betting shops, casinos, online platforms or any activity where something of value is risked for a possible return.
Common signs include repeated unsuccessful attempts to stop, increasing stakes, irritability when cutting down, preoccupation, gambling during distress, chasing losses, concealment and relying on others to resolve financial crises.
Assessment
- At least four of nine characteristic features occur within the same 12-month period and cause significant distress or impairment.
- A manic episode is considered because gambling may occur within a broader period of elevated mood, energy and impulsivity.
- Assessment includes debt, access to money, fraud or legal risks, family safety, depression, substance use and suicide risk.
Treatment and safeguards
CBT can address urges, chasing losses, beliefs about probability and relapse prevention. Motivational interviewing can help when a person feels ambivalent without using shame or confrontation.
Self-exclusion, blocking software, transaction limits and agreed temporary financial safeguards can reduce access. Debt advice and protecting money for housing, food and children are core parts of recovery; new loans to cover losses usually deepen the cycle.
When to seek help
Seek support when gambling is hidden, funded from basic needs, causes debt or conflict, or returns after attempts to stop. In Greece, KETHEA’s 1114 helpline provides information and support. Suicidal thoughts, threats, violence or immediate inability to meet basic needs requires emergency help.